Wavemakers: Worth It in a Freshwater Tank
Pulsed flow was invented to imitate wave surge over a reef, and no freshwater habitat a hobby fish comes from has waves.
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Air Pumps and Water Movement
Water that does not move develops cold pockets, dead spots, and a surface film that blocks gas exchange. This section covers everything that pushes water or air: air pumps and airstones, powerheads...
Powerhead Placement to Clear Dead Spots
Aiming a powerhead at the debris pile scatters it for twenty minutes, while aiming it to close the circulation loop clears it...
How to Silence a Noisy Air Pump
Most air pump noise comes from the cabinet rather than the pump, which is why replacing the pump so often changes nothing.
Air Pump Sizing by Tank Depth
Water depth, not tank volume, decides whether an air pump keeps bubbling, and the number that matters is rarely printed on the...
Water Movement: Sizing Pumps and Powerheads
Turnover figures alone will not tell you what pump a tank needs, because a cube and a long tank behave nothing alike.
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